◆likert’sfoursystems
system1:exploitive-authoritative(orpunitive-authoritarian)，theleaderhasalowconceforpeopleandusessuchmethodsasthreatsandotherfear-basedmethodstoachieveconformance;system2:benevolent-authoritative(orpatealistic-authoritarian)，theresponsibilityliesatthemanageriallevelsbutnotatthelowerlevelsoftheorganizationalhierarchy;system3:consultativesystem，thesuperiorhassubstantialbutnotplete，trustandconfidenceinhissubordinates;4:theparticipative(orgroupinteractive)modelofanorganizationalsystem，superiorshavepleteconfidenceintheirsubordinates，andmotivationisbyeconomicrewardsbasedongoalswhichhavebeensetinparticipation
lowerthenumbe
第二十三章 指尖如酒(10/11)